A R. MacKAY, M. D., who is engaged in the practice of medicine in Bottineau, was born in Ontario, Canada, in August 1869. His father, James MacKay, a native of Scotland, left the land of hills and heather in early life and became a pioneer settler of Ontario, Canada.  He had been educated for a medical career and practiced his profession there for forty years.  He married Helen Stothers, a native of Canada, and both have now passed away, the latter having died in May 1889, while the former was called to his final rest in February 1896.

Dr. A. R. MacKay was reared and educated in Ontario and his professional training was received in Trinity Medical College, from which he was graduated with the class of 1898.  In October of that year he removed to Bottineau, North Dakota, and has since been actively engaged in practice at that place, his ability winning him a liberal patronage. He is devoted to the duties of his profession and his labors have been attended with excellent results. He also has farming interests in Bottineau county.

In November 1899, Dr. MacKay was married to Miss Eleanor Watson and they have become the parents of three children: Marion, who was born in August 1901; Margaret, born in December 1904; and Alexander, born in October 1911.  Dr. and Mrs. MacKay are members of the Presbyterian church and he also has membership in the Masonic fraternity, being connected with lodge, chapter, commandery and Mystic Shrine. He votes with the democratic party and is the present city health officer of Bottineau, while he has also served as a member of the town council. For eight years he was a member of the board of directors of the State School of Forestry at Bottineau and he has served as a member of the county board on insanity. He has membership in the Northwestern Medical Society of North Dakota, the State Medical Society and the American Medical Association. He is continually studying to make his professional service of greater worth and his pronounced ability has won for him a liberal practice.

HENRY E. MARTIN, postmaster at Newburg, where he is also station agent, an implement dealer and proprietor of the electric light plant, was one of the early pioneers in the northwestern section of the state. He comes of English and German parentage, his birth having occurred in Germany on the 28th of October 1873. His father, A. C. Martin, was a veterinary surgeon in the English army and went down with a vessel which sank at Havre, France, while he was on a government mission in 1874. His son, Henry E., was then a babe of but six months. The mother, who was a noted singer, was the daughter of Senator Adolph Testdorf, of Hamburg, Germany. She died while her son Henry was but two and one-half years of age and the boy then came under the guardianship of his grandfather, Senator Testdorf.  When he was six years of age he was placed in the care of the family of Max Kuehl and by that family was brought to the United States. They settled on land that is now a part of the city of Chicago and which had been purchased for them by Senator Testdorf.  At that place Henry E. Martin was reared to manhood and he pursued his education in the old Ferron school, which was the first school built south of Thirty-ninth street in Chicago.  It stood at the corner of Wabash avenue and Fifty-first street.

When seventeen years of age he entered the employ of C. K. G. Billings, the noted race horse man, for whom he worked and drove for six years. In that connection he became acquainted with many of the prominent men of Chicago. After leaving the employ of Mr. Billings in 1895 he made his way westward to North Dakota and entered the service of the Great Northern Railroad Company, becoming the first station agent at Deslacs, in Ward county, where arrived the first emigrant to settle west of Minot. Mr. Martin was located at that place for ten years and while there he filed on a homestead near the town and proved up on his property in 1902. His love of horses remained with him and he was always the owner of some fine stock. The freedom of the boundless west appealed to him and by reason of his love of sport he kept a pack of greyhounds, having as many as eighteen at a time. His success in hunting the coyote gained for him the sobriquet of Coyote Hank. He trained many horses in pioneer racing circles, among which was Irma's Choice, which was owned by Martin Jacobson, who broke the state record at Minot. In 1906 he went east to Charlotte, Michigan, to escape the rigors of the North Dakota winters but after three years spent at that place in the capacity of ticket agent for the Grand Trunk he again heeded the call of the west and returned to North Dakota, being made station agent at Newburg. He has since served in that capacity but has greatly extended his efforts into other lines and is now successfully engaged in the implement business, is also owner of the electric light plant of the town and for the past seven years has been postmaster of Newburg. He is now serv ing for his fourth term as mayor of the town and he does everything in his power to promote its progress.

Mr. Martin is a member of Russell Lodge, No. 89, A. F. & A. M., and he and his wife hold membership in the Order of the Eastern Star, while he is also connected with the Modern Woodmen of America. Both belong to the German Lutheran church and guide their lives according to its teachings. In politics he is a republican. Those who know him, and he has a constantly broadening circle of acquaintances, find in him a man whom to know is to respect and honor, for his has been a well spent life which at all times has measured up to high standards.

JAMES MCINTOSH, United States collector of customs at Antler, is a native of Scotland, born September 18, 1849, of the marriage of James and Sarah (Smith) Mcintosh. They, too, were natives of the land of hills and heather, of forest, crag and glen, the land of poetry and song-the land that has furnished to the United States many of its valued citizens. The father followed farming in that country until 1866, when he crossed the Atlantic to Canada, and two years later he was accidentally killed. His widow long survived him, passing away in 1913.

James Mcintosh spent much of his youth in his native country, being seventeen years of age when his parents made the voyage to the new world. When his father died the burden of supporting the family devolved upon him and for several years he worked out as a farm hand. In 1870 he went to Michigan, where for eight years he was employed in the iron mines. On the expiration of that period he returned to Canada, where he again lived for two years, and in 1883 he established his home in Cavalier county, North Dakota, where he took up a homestead and preemption claim. He then began improving and cultivating his land, devoting twenty years to general agricultural pursuits there. He saw many of the hardships and met many of the difficulties incident to frontier life at a period when all around him was unbroken and undeveloped prairie land and when the work of progress seemed scarcely begun. It was upon his farm that he reared his family of eight children. In 1902 he removed to St. John, Rolette county, North Dakota, where he entered the government service, filling the position of customs collector for eight years at that point, after which he was transferred to Antler and still continues in the service. He yet owns his farm in Cavalier county, comprising three hundred and twenty acres of land, which he has rented.

On the 27th of November 1873, Mr. Mcintosh was united in marriage to Miss Catherine McRae and they have become the parents of eight children. James, Christina, John, George, Sarah, Minnie, William and Emma. Five of the number are living on homesteads near Barr, Montana, two in Canada, and the other owns a farm near the old homestead in Cavalier county.

Politically Mr. Mcintosh is a republican, giving stalwart support to the party and its principles. He belongs to the Masonic lodge at Langdon and he and his wife are consistent and faithful members of the Presbyterian church. He is most loyal to the trust reposed in him in public office and his record as an official is highly commendable.

NEIL H. MCKINNON has been identified with Bottineau county since pioneer times and is now filling the office of deputy sheriff, while previously he served as sheriff of the county.  He was born in Ontario, March 16, 1864, a son of Hugh and Ann (McCraig) McKinnon. the former a native of Scotland and the latter of Canada. The father went to Canada when a young man and following his marriage there engaged in farming, in which pursuit he continued until his death in 1876 or 1877. His widow survived for many years, passing away in 1909.

With a common school education to serve as the foundation upon which to build his later success, Neil H. McKinnon came to the United States in 1886, spending the summer of that year at Devils Lake, while in the following autumn he arrived in Bottineau county and squatted on a. piece of land. He soon afterward hired out as a farm hand and throughout all the intervening period he has been identified with the work of general progress and improvement. He has lived to witness notable changes here, for he came three years before the division of the state and at a period when the work of development seemed scarcely begun. In 1893 he established himself in the drayage business in Bottineau, conducting a dray line until 1906. In the meantime, however, or in 1901 he filed on a homestead near Westhope, proving up on the property the following year. In 1906 he was elected to the office of sheriff of Bottineau county and in 1908 was reelected, occupying that position for four years, since which time he has continuously acted as deputy, being thus connected with the office for a decade.

In 1895 Mr. McKinnon was united in marriage to Miss Maggie Acheson, of Bottineau county, by whom he had six children, four of whom still survive, namely: Anna Ruth, Angus A., Gordon E. and Margaret D. All are yet under the parental roof. Fraternally Mr.  McKinnon is connected with Tuscan Lodge, No. 44, F. & A. M., of Bottineau, and he and his wife are consistent members of the Presbyterian church. His political allegiance is given to the republican party and he labors earnestly to win for it success and to secure the adoption of its principles. He has become the owner of two hundred and eighty acres of farm land near Westhope and he is one of the well known residents of Bottineau county, few of its settlers having remained for a longer period within its borders.

JOHN A. MCLEAN, sheriff of Bottineau county, was born in Fergus, Ontario, Canada, on the 9th of January 1872, a son of John and Euphemia (McDonald) McLean, both of whom were natives of Scotland, whence they accompanied their respective parents to Canada.  After attaining man's estate the father operated a sawmill, a grist mill and a lime kiln in Ontario for many years, but both he and his wife have now passed away.

John A. McLean supplemented his public school training by a term's study in the Agricultural College at Guelph, Ontario, and as early as his fourteenth year he worked in his father's mill, continuing actively in mill work until his seventeenth year, when he enlisted in the Canadian army, with which he was connected for eight years. He rose from the ranks to the commissioned office of quartermaster sergeant and in 1897 received an honorable discharge.

The following year Mr. McLean arrived in Bottineau county, North Dakota, to visit his wife's people and was so well pleased with the country that he decided to remain. He began work as a farm hand and the following year filed on a homestead in Bottineau county, fifteen miles southwest of the city of Bottineau. In 1900 he began the cultivation of his land and industriously, persistently and successfully continued the development of his farm and its further improvement until his election to his present office. In the meantime he added to his property as his financial resources increased until within the boundaries of the farm are now comprised seven hundred and twenty acres of excellent land. He continues to give personal supervision to the cultivation of his farm, although in 1914, following his election to the office of county sheriff, he removed to the city of Bottineau.

On the 11th of January 1892, at the age of twenty years, Mr. McLean was united in marriage to Miss Jessie Cameron, of Durham, Ontario, by whom he has two children, John A., Jr., and Euphemia J., both at home. Fraternally he is identified with the following organizations: Tuscan Lodge, No. 77, A. F. &A. M.; Phoenicia Chapter, No. 17, R. A. M.; Lorraine Commandery, No. 13, K. T.; Phoenicia Council, R. & S. M., of Rugby, Kem Temple, A. A. 0. N. M. S., of Grand Forks; and Mouse River Lodge, I. 0. 0. F., of Kramer, North Dakota. In his political views Mr. McLean has always been a stalwart republican, and when re-nominated in 1916 for the office of county sheriff he had no opposition at the primaries-a fact which indicates his personal popularity with members of his party and the confidence reposed in him. He and his wife are members of the Baptist church and their influence is always given on the side of progress and improvement, while their aid is a supporting factor in all those movements which seek to advance the material, political, social and moral welfare of the community.

G. E. METCALF, grain buyer and proprietor of the G. E. Metcalf elevator at Russell, Bottineau county, was born in Lincoln, Logan county, Illinois. August 30, 1871. His father, John S. Metcalf, was also a native of that state, while his wife was born in Kentucky and was a representative of an old Kentucky family whose ancestors came from Germany to America in the year 1741. In her early girlhood Mrs. Metcalf accompanied her parents to Illinois and was there married. When yet a young man John S. Metcalf was appointed postmaster of Lincoln, Illinois, by President Lincoln in the year 1860 and filled that office for eight years. Subsequently he engaged in business in the same town, there remaining until 1883, when he came to North Dakota, settling in Nelson county, near Lakota. There he used his homestead, preemption and tree claim rights, securing land which he developed and converted into a valuable farm upon which he spent his remaining days. He passed away in 1912, while his widow now resides in Lakota at the age of eighty-four.

G. E. Metcalf was educated in the public schools of Lincoln and in the district schools of Nelson county, North Dakota. His brother was the publisher of a paper in Lakota and in early manhood G. E. Metcalf worked in his brother's office but as early as 1892, being then a young man of twenty-one years, he began buying grain at Dwight, North Dakota.  After one season there spent he returned to newspaper work, but in 1909 removed to Russell, North Dakota, and purchased the elevator of which he is now proprietor. For seven years he has been continuously and successfully connected with the grain trade at Russell and has built up a business of large and gratifying proportions, being now one of the prosperous citizens of his community. He has given tangible evidence of his belief in the future of the state by his investment in land, being now the owner of three hundred and twenty acres, which constitutes one of the excellent farms of Bottineau county.

On the 4th of January 1911, Mr. Metcalf was united in marriage to Miss Estella M.  Trotter, of Fargo, North Dakota, by whom he has three children, Marjorie, Enid and George McKenzie. Fraternally he is identified with the Masons, belonging to Euclid Lodge, No. 24, A F. & A. M., of Lakota, North Dakota; Dakota Consistory, No. 1. A. &. A. S. K.: and Kem Temple, A. A. 0. N. M. S., of Fargo. Mrs. Metcalf holds membership with the Congregational church. Mr. Metcalf gives his political allegiance to the republican party and for the past five years has served as a member of the village board of Russell. From the starting point of his business career he has gradually worked his way upward and his energy and ability have carried him into important relations.

THADDEUS C. MICHAEL, engaged in newspaper publication at Willow City, was born in Hocking county, Ohio, February 8, 1872, a son of George C. and Anna E. (McQuery) Michael.  The father, a native of West Virginia, removed to Ohio at an early period in the settlement of that state and there engaged in mining and contracting. In 1881 he arrived in Dakota territory and took up a homestead in Sanborn county, now in South Dakota, within two miles of Woonsocket, at which time the nearest railroad point was Mitchell, South Dakota.  He improved this place and continued its cultivation until 1891, when he abandoned farming on account of the drought. Removing to Woonsocket, he there resided until 1894, when he became a resident of Missouri, where he made his home until his death, which occurred in the winter of 1897. His wife passed away in May 1913, having survived him for about sixteen years.

Thaddeus C. Michael pursued his education in the public schools of South Dakota and while still pursuing his studies learned the printer's trade, beginning work in that line when twelve years of age under Colonel Knouse, who had been a Confederate army officer. Mr.  Michael afterward rode the range for five years, driving cattle from the Black Hills to Carbury, Nebraska, after which he returned to the printing business and has since devoted his attention to that vocation. In 1895 he went to Bottineau, where he worked for two years, and in July 1897 he established his home in Willow City, where he purchased the North Dakota Eagle, which he has since owned and published. This paper was established in September 1886, and Mr. Michael has made it a potent force in shaping public thought and opinion in his locality. He keeps in touch with the trend of modern journalism and gives to his readers a most interesting publication.

On the 2nd of October 1897, Mr. Michael was united in marriage to Miss Laura McBain, of Bottineau, who in 1882 came with her parents to North Dakota. Her sister was the first white woman in Bottineau county, having arrived there several years prior to the removal of the other members of the family. The parents, Alexander and Harriett (Bagsley) McBain.  were natives of New York but in early life went to Canada, where Mr. McBain engaged in merchandising until he made his way to Bottineau county and secured a homestead which included a part of the site of the town of Bottineau. Upon that land he continued to engage in farming until his death, which occurred in 1906. His widow yet survives. To Mr. and Mrs. Michael have been born four children, as follows: one who died in infancy: Norine E., who passed away on the 3rd of November 1901; Cecil, whose birth occurred on the 18th of July 1904; and Lenore, whose natal day was September 18, 1911.

In politics Mr. Michael is a republican and is now serving as district deputy game warden, which position he has occupied for two years. He has also been justice of the peace in Willow City. Fraternally he is connected with the Masonic lodge and in his life exemplifies the beneficent spirit of the craft. He holds membership in the Presbyterian church, while his wife is a member of the Baptist church. People of sterling worth, they enjoy the confidence and goodwill of their fellow townsmen and have a large circle of warm friends in the community where for many years Mr. Michael has now been a moving force in molding public thought and opinion.

DR. J. WILBER MORELAND, engaged in the practice of medicine and surgery at Maxbass, is a native of Vermilion county, Illinois. He was born January 7, 1876, of the marriage of Pearly B. and Emma (Jamison) Moreland, both of whom were natives of Ohio. The father devoted his life to educational work, teaching school from his nineteenth year to the time of his death, which occurred at the comparatively early age of thirty-six years.  His wife had passed away some years before.

Dr. Moreland was thus left an orphan when a little lad of eleven years. There were four children in the family and he and an older sister kept them all together and with some little assistance from an uncle they thus managed to remain together until they reached manhood and womanhood. Dr. Moreland attended the public schools at Potomac, passing through consecutive grades to the high school, and when about twenty-one years of age he began teaching, devoting his time to educational work for four years. In 1902 he took up the study of medicine, entering the medical department of the Northwestern University in Chicago, from which he received his professional degree as a member of the class of 1906.  Laudable ambition to make good use of his time, talents and opportunities and win for himself a creditable place in the world has prompted him at every point in his career.  Following his graduation he located in Highland, Illinois, and a year later removed to Penfield, that state, where he was successfully engaged in practice for five years. In 1913 he removed to Maxbass and in the intervening period has built up a remunerative practice, for his fellow townsmen recognize that he is well qualified for the onerous and responsible duties that devolve upon him in a professional connection. He closely studies the scientific phases of medical practice and keeps in touch with the most recent discoveries and theories.

In 1908 Dr. Moreland was united in marriage to Miss Alice Maud Cole, of Ottawa, Illinois, by whom he has two children, James Wilber, Jr., and Alice Cole. Dr. Moreland is a member of Potomac Lodge, No. 782, F. & A. M., of Potomac, Illinois; of Genevieve Lodge, No. 160, I. 0. 0. F., of Penfield, Illinois; and the Woodmen of the World. His wife is a member of the Baptist church. Along strictly professional lines he has connection with the Northwestern District Medical Society, the North Dakota State Medical Society and the American Medical Association and he is deeply interested in anything that tends to bring to man a key to the complex mystery which we call life.

LUDVIG J. MORK, For fifteen years Ludvig J. Mork has been prominently identified with the business interests of Souris, North Dakota, and is now conducting a general store as a member of the film of Mork-Moen Company. They formerly dealt in farm implements of all kinds and by fair and honorable dealing have built up an extensive trade.  Mr. Mork was born in Pope county, Minnesota, February 13, 1878, his parents being Ivor and Mary (Mork) Mork, natives of Norway. In 1860 the father came to the United States and located in Fillmore county, Minnesota, where he resided for two years. At the end of that time he took a homestead in Pope county and to its improvement and cultivation he devoted his attention for twenty years. The year 1886 witnessed his arrival in Bottineau county, North Dakota, where he took a preemption, and he was engaged in its operation at the time of his death, which occurred in 1887. His widow is still living.

Ludvig J. Mork was brought to Bottineau county when eight years of age and he early became familiar with pioneer conditions while aiding in the improvement and cultivation of the home farm. He attended the public schools and completed his education at a college in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He remained with his mother until he attained his majority, when lie took up a homestead in Bottineau county and at once began its development, but only resided thereon for a short time. In 1901, when the railroad was built through Souris, he opened a general store at that place and also began dealing in farm machinery. In 1906 he admitted M. E. Moen to a partnership and they have since operated under the name of the Mork-Moen Company. They have a fine double store, erected by Mr. Mork, and carry an excellent line of goods, for which they find a liberal patronage. Mr. Mork is still interested in farming to some extent and is meeting with success in all his undertakings.

In March 1903, he married Miss Petra Crogen, by whom he has one child, Lewald P., born October 29, 1904. They hold membership in the Lutheran church, and Mr. Mork is also identified with the Sons of Norway. His political support is given the men and measures of the republican party. His fellow citizens, recognizing his worth and ability, have elected him mayor of Souris and also a member of the town council at different times. He has always been found true to every trust reposed in him whether in public or private life, and the success and prominence that lie has attained is but the merited reward of a well spent life.

WILLIAM T. MUNN, engaged in the banking business at Westhope, is numbered among the native sons of New York, his birth having occurred at Walton, Delaware county, on the 13th of November 1879. His parents, Hugh C. and Mary (Thomson) Munn, were also natives of the Empire state. His father was a farmer by occupation and in Delaware county, New York, he established a little town called Munndale, where he engaged in general merchandising for a time. Later, however, he retired to a farm, upon which he lived until 1907, when he became a resident of Westhope, North Dakota. Afterward he removed to Williams county, this state, and filed on land which he occupied and cultivated for three years. At the present time he is making his home in Waterloo, Iowa, while his wife passed away September 13, 1903.

William T. Munn was reared and educated in New York, completing a course in the high school at Walton, that state, by graduation with the class of 1897, after which he entered Monmouth College at Monmouth, Illinois, and was there graduated in 1901. He next went to Eagle Grove, Iowa, where he secured the position of assistant cashier in the State Bank, serving in that capacity for a year. In 1902 he became a resident of Cooperstown, North Dakota, where he engaged in the real estate business for three years, and in 1905 he established his home at Westhope, Bottineau county, where he engaged in the land business. The following year he and others organized the Peoples State Bank at Westhope, which they have since conducted, Mr. Munn being the president, with K. M. Trimble as vice president, G. H. Kalbileisch cashier and Don E. Trimble assistant cashier. The bank is capitalized for thirty thousand dollars and has a surplus of twenty thousand dollars, while the deposits amount to one hundred and seventy-five thousand dollars. The business of the bank is carefully and successfully conducted and energy, enterprise, sound judgment and keen discrimination constitute the underlying principles in the prosperity which Mr. Munn has attained for that institution. He is also a large landowner, his realty possessions embracing about sixteen hundred acres.

In June 1906, Mr. Munn was united in marriage to Miss Gertrude M. McConnell and they have one son, William Thomson, born in March 1911. Mr. Munn is a republican in his political views. He has served as a member of the city council of Westhope and whether in office or out of it is always loyal to the best public interests and is willing to give of his time and efforts for the benefit of his community. He was appointed a member of the game and fish board but declined to serve. He was committeeman for Bottineau county for the Belgian relief fund and Westhope sent a carload of flour, being the only town of its size in the United States to give so much. Business activity and public spirit are in him evenly balanced qualities and his efforts along both public and private lines are resultant.