|
JAMES CALDWELL. This gentleman is well known as one of the prosperous farmers of Clifton township, Cass county, who is doing an extensive business. His real estate amounts to eight hundred acres, and he is a representative agriculturist and citizen.
Our subject was born in Ontario, Canada, September 6, 1860. His parents, Andrew and Jane (Davis) Caldwell were natives of Scotland. The father emigrated to America in 1840 and the mother in 1858, and they became residents of Cass county, North Dakota, in 1881, and are well known as early settlers of that locality where they still make their home. They are parents of six sons and two daughters, all of whom reside in Cass county.
Our subject was raised and educated in Canada, followed farming there until 1881, when he went to Cass county, North Dakota, and settled in Highland township. He resided there until 1892, when he took up his residence in Clifton township and has resided there since that date. He now has eight hundred aces of land all well improved and under cultivation and has met with success in his chosen vocation.
Our subject was
married, in 1882. to Dora Fowler, a native of
Canada
. Five
children have blessed the home of Mr. and Mrs. Caldwell, who bear
the following names: Andrew, Agnes S., Ralph, William F., and
Albert. Mr. Caldwell is chairman of the town board and assessor, in
which capacity he has served several years, and is actively
interested in the affairs of his township and county. He holds
membership in the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and Ancient
Order of United Workmen, and Knights of The Maccabees. Politically
he is a Democrat and is firm in his convictions, and deservedly
popular with the people among whom he makes his
home.
FRANK J. CAMPBELL,
M. D., one of the ablest and most popular
physicians and surgeons of Fargo, North Dakota, was born in Winona
County, Minnesota, on the nth of August, 1862, and is a son of James
S. and Loraine H. (Booker) Campbell, natives of Maine. The mother
died when our subject was only two years old, but the father is
still living and is now a prominent contractor and builder of
Fargo.
Until six years of age Dr. Campbell was a
resident of Maine and his primary education was obtained in the
schools of that state. He came to Fargo in 1876 and continued his
studies in the schools of that city for some time. In 1882 he
entered the Northwestern University at Evanston, Illinois, from
which he was graduated in 1887 with the Ph. B. degree and three
years later was granted the degree of Ph. M. by his alma mater. He
matriculated at the Chicago Medical College and was graduated from
that institution in 1890 with the degree of M. D. and carried off
the honors of his class, being awarded one hundred dollars in gold
for the highest scholarship. He was also valedictorian of his class.
After his graduation he served as interne at Mercy Hospital of
Chicago for six months, but owing to failing health was obliged to
give up that position. Returning to Fargo he was engaged in practice
for some years with Dr. I. N. Wear, the partnership existing until
July, 1898, since which time he has been alone. He took a
post-graduate course in the Polyclinic at New York, in 1898, and has
ever been a close and thorough student and a man of deep research.
His investigations into the science of medicine and surgery and his
skillful application of the knowledge he has thereby obtained has
won him a place in the foremost ranks of the medical fraternity.
Prior to entering upon the study of medicine
Dr. Campbell was employed in a bank at Fargo for two years. In 1891
he married Miss Louise Welsh, a native of Ohio, and to them were
born three children, but two are now deceased, the only one living
being Margaret C. The Doctor is a prominent member of the County and
state medical societies and also the American Medical Association.
He was health officer of Fargo from 1892 until 1897; has been
superintendent of the County board of health since 1891, and is
secretary of the board of United States pension examiners. Socially,
he is a Mason, a member of the Benevolent and Protective Order of
Elks, a K. of P. and also belongs to several insurance
orders.
ROBERT
CAMPBELL, one of the pioneer settlers of Cass county,
now residing in Buffalo
township, on section 24, is proprietor of a fine estate, and is
highly respected as a citizen and farmer.
Our subject was born in Sharon Springs, New York, April 19, 1839. His
parents, Robert and Sarah (Wagner) Campbell, were natives of
Edinburgh,
Scotland, and New York, respectively, and his
father was a sailor in his younger days, and later followed the
carpenter's trade. He emigrated to America in 1807,
when six years of age, and in 1856 settled in Michigan, and passed his
last years in Kalamazoo,
that state. The mother survived him but one year. The grandfather of
our subject, Robert Campbell, died in the state of New York. Our subject had four
brothers and six sisters. Two brothers, Charles S. and Andrew J.,
are also residents of Cass county, North
Dakota.
Mr. Campbell was reared and educated in
New York and
Michigan, and
in 1861 went to Chicago and
enlisted in Company I, Illinois Light Artillery. He served until
1862, when he was wounded at the battle of Shiloh, and was
discharged in the fall of that year. He re-enlisted in the fall of
1863 in Company C, First Michigan Engineers and Mechanics, and
served until October, 1865, being employed in bridge building and
working on forts, etc., and was with Sherman on his march to the sea. He
was at Fort Henry, Fort Donelson and Shiloh, and also many
similar engagements. After the close of the war returned to
Michigan, where he remained three years, and then began railroad
work on the Grand Trunk Railroad in Canada, and continued eight
years, after which he went to Chicago and worked for the Lake Shore
Railroad Company as yardmaster until 1878. In that year he went to
Cass county, North Dakota, and settled in Gill township, and later
entered a homestead and tree claim in Howe township, where he lived
until the spring of 1891, when he went to his present home in
Buffalo township.
Our subject was married in
Michigan
, July 4, 1863, to Mary E.
Fuller, a native of that state. Mr. and Mrs. Campbell have no
children living, but have one adopted daughter, named Iva. Mr.
Campbell is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, Masonic
fraternity. Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and several insurance
orders. He has filled various official positions in his township,
and is actively interested in the welfare of his community, and
occupies a high position in the minds of the people among whom he
has passed so many years. Politically he is a Republican, and is
firm in his convictions.
GEORGE A. CARPENTER.
M. D., one of the most successful and prominent
physicians and surgeons of Fargo, North Dakota, is a native of
Minnesota, born in Monticello, Wright County, February 7, 1863, and
is a son of George W. and Mary (Williams) Carpenter, both natives of
New York. In 1858 they removed to Minnesota, where the father
engaged in merchandising for many years and also served as probate
judge of Wright County for some years. In 1889 he brought his family
to Fargo, where the parents now reside.
In the County of his nativity, Dr. Carpenter
was reared and educated and in 1882 he entered the Minnesota
Hospital College, which later became the State University, and was
graduated from that institution in 1885 with the degree of M. D.
During the same year he opened an office at Marine Mills, Washington
County, Minnesota, and continued there until the fall of 1889, when
he came to Fargo and has since engaged in the general practice of
medicine and surgery. He is a progressive member of his
profession-one who keeps abreast of the latest discoveries and
theories by his perusal of medical journals. His skill and ability
are attested by the liberal patronage he enjoys and he is ranked as
one of the leading physicians of this section of the state.
Dr. Carpenter was married in 1886, to Miss
Sadie Clark, also a native of Minnesota, and to them have been born
two daughters, Irene A. and Minnie L. In political sentiment the
Doctor is an ardent Republican and for two terms he has served as
health officer of Fargo and as County physician for five years. He
was a member of the board of pension examiners for five years: is
now special examiner for pensions, and examining surgeon for the
United States recruiting station at Fargo. He is a member of the
Cass County and North Dakota Medical Societies, the American Medical
Association, the Masonic fraternity, the Ancient Order of United
Workmen, the Foresters and the National Union. For the past five
years he has been grand medical examiner of the state for the
Workmen. He spent some time in 1890 in New York hospitals and gives
his whole time and attention to his profession. He has won a
foremost place in the ranks of the medical fraternity in the
Northwest and merits and receives a liberal
patronage.
FRANK H.
CARTERhas resided in Casselton, North Dakota for over
twenty years, and has gained an enviable reputation throughout Cass
County as a gentleman of ability and true citizenship. He is manager
of the Biedler & Robinson Lumber Company, and conducts the
extensive interests of that company in an entirely satisfactory
manner.
Mr. Carter was born in Painsville, Lake County,
Ohio, January 15, 1855. and was a son of Daniel O. and Lydia (Cox)
Carter. His father was a native of New York and was an early settler
of Lake County, Ohio, where he still resides, engaged in farming.
The mother of our subject was a native of New Hampshire.
Our subject was reared and educated in his
native County, and began his career as a farmer, and in 1874 went to
California, where he spent two years in the nursery business. He
then returned East and remained till the spring of 1879, and in that
year located in Casselton, North Dakota, and assisted in closing up
the unsettled business of E. S. Tyler & Company. He entered the
employ of Wallace Grosvenor as manager of his lumber yard in 1880,
and continued thus until 1892. when he accepted the position as
manager of the Beidler & Robinson Lumber Company, which position
he still retains.
Our subject was married, October 5, 1880, to
Marion C. Deshon, a native of Kentucky. One daughter has been born
to this union, upon whom they have bestowed the name of Ella B. Mr.
Carter affiliates with the Masonic fraternity, and has passed the
degrees of Knights Templar and Mystic Shrine. He is a man of
excellent character and respected by all who know him, and his
public spirit has never been called in question. He has aided
materially in various ways in the up building and strengthening of
good local government, and has served twice as alderman of the city.
 HON. PETER P. CHACEY. An honorable
position among the farmers of Harwood township, Cass county, is
willingly accorded to this gentleman by his associates. He occupies
one of the well-developed farms of the county and is highly esteemed
in the community where he has spent nearly a quarter of a century.
He is an ex-soldier who can review with justifiable pride a long and
loyal service in the defense of the Union, and his public spirit is
beyond question. His home is in section 15, of Harwood township.
Our subject was born in Wayne county, Ohio,
December 15, 1840, and when about ten years of age went with his
parents to Whiteside county, Illinois, where he made his home till
1870. He followed steam boating on the Mississippi river during the
summer and fall months and in September, 1861, enlisted in Company
C, Eighth Illinois Cavalry, and served nearly four years till the
close of the war. He was wounded at Martinsburg, Virginia, by a
sabre. After the close of the war he returned to Illinois and
followed steam boating as captain and pilot till the fall of 1878.
He went to North Dakota in 1877 and entered claim to land as a
homestead and tree claim in Berlin township, and in 1878 purchased
three hundred and twenty acres of land in section 15, in Harwood
township, where he has resided since. Two years later he purchased
the remaining half of section 15 and he is now the owner of two
sections of land. He has erected good buildings on his home farm and
completed every arrangement by which the work incident to farm life
may be lessened and the comfort of the family provided.
Our subject was married, in Lena, Illinois,
February 27, 1870, to Ruth J. Lincoln. Mrs. Chacey was born in
Ontario county, New York, November 5, 1840. Mr. and Mrs. Chacey
became the parents of five children, named: Lincoln P., Clarence B.
and Lola B. are now living; Ruth L. and an infant unnamed, are
deceased. Mr. Chacey was elected to the state legislature from the
tenth district on the Republican ticket, in the fall of 1898, and
served one term and in this capacity did very efficient work for the
better interests of his community. He has held numerous school
offices and is a member of the township board, and justice of the
peace, and takes an active part in all local affairs. He is a member
of John L. Reynolds Post, No. 5, G. A.
R.
EBEN W. CHAFFEE, deceased. The
extensive interests of the Amenia & Sharon Land Company were
conducted by this gentleman many years with eminent success, he
being one of the organizers of the company and associated with its
movements as president and manager till his death. He was widely and
favorably known throughout Cass County, and was a man of much
business fore-thought and excellent characteristics, gaining a host
of friends by his charity and benevolence.
Our subject was born
in Sharon, Connecticut, January 19, 1824. His life was spent in
Connecticut, where he was engaged in farming and surveying until
1877, when he settled permanently in North Dakota, lie went to
Dakota first in 1875. in which year the Amenia & Sharon Land
Company was organized, he being one of the promoters of the company.
This company had originally forty-six sections of land, all of which
was located in Cass County, and Mr. Chaffee was treasurer and state
agent, and had sole charge of the firm's business.
Our subject was
married in Sharon, Connecticut, to Amanda Fuller, a native of that
city. Three children were born to this union, one of whom died in
childhood. The daughter, Florence, became the wife of John H. Reed,
and died in 1881. The son, Herbert F., assumed charge of the
business upon the death of his father, and a sketch of his life
appears also in this work.
Mr. Chaffee was
stricken with paralysis and died suddenly, October 19, 1892. He was
a member of the state constitutional convention, and was prominent
in public affairs, and an exemplary citizen. He was
an earnest supporter of religious work, and was a member of the
Congregational church of
Amenia.
HERBERT F. CHAFFEE, president and
manager of the Amenia & Sharon Land Company, of Amenia. Cass
County, North Dakota, is a young man of exceptional business ability
and successfully conducts the affairs of the extensive firm of which
he is the head. He has resided in Dakota many years, and is held in
the highest esteem by his fellowmen.
Our subject was born
in Sharon, Connecticut, November 20, 1865. and was a son of Eben W.
and Amanda (Fuller) Chaffee, a sketch of whose lives appear
elsewhere in this volume. He was reared in his native place and
attended the public schools of that city, and Williston Seminary at
East Hampton, from which institution he graduated in 1885. He went
to Dakota in 1881. and returned to Connecticut to complete his
studies. He was book-keeper and assistant treasurer of the company
with which he is now connected, and at his father's death in 1892.
assumed the position of president and manager.
Our subject was
married in Manchester, Iowa, December 21. 1887, to Miss Carrie T.
Toogood, who was born in Iowa, and was a daughter of the late George
Toogood, of Manchester. Four children have been born to Mr. and Mrs.
Chaffee, named as follows: Eben W., Dorothy A., Herbert L., and
Esther C. The youngest child died in Amenia, North Dakota, January
10, 1899, aged nearly four years. Mr. Chaffee is a man of broad mind
and keeps pace with the times in all public affairs, and is earnest
in his efforts to advance the community in which he resides, and
strengthen good local government, and is deservedly popular with the
people.
AARON CHANDLER, one of the
pioneers of Bell township, Cass county, is passing his declining
years in comfortable circumstances that are the result of a
well-spent career. He has followed farming the greater part of his
life, and is widely known as a successful agriculturist and faithful
citizen.
Our subject was born
in Guernsey county, Ohio, October 28, 1829, and was a son of Spencer
and Ellen (Brailey) Chandler, natives of Washington county.
Pennsylvania. His father was a farmer by occupation, and went to
Ohio when he was a young man, becoming one of the early settlers of
that state. He passed his life there and died in Ohio about 1853.
The mother of our subject died in 1840. The grandfather of our
subject, Jonathan Chandler, was a native of Washington county,
Pennsylvania, was a Quaker, and died in Ohio. Our subject was one of
a family of seven children-five sons and two daughters.
Mr. Chandler was
reared in Ohio and educated there, working his way through Oberlin
College in 1849-50. He began his business career as clerk in a store
and followed that calling for some time, and in 1850 removed to
Blackford county, Indiana, where he engaged in teaching school and
also farming. He went to Des Moines, Iowa, in 1857, where he
remained until 1860, and then went to Pike's Peak and followed
mining there two years, and afterward returned to Indiana, and in
1864 enlisted as first lieutenant of Company A, One Hundred and
Thirty-third Indiana Volunteer Infantry. He served six months,
during which time he was on garrison duty at Bridgeport, Alabama. He
then returned to Iowa and made his home there until April, 1881,
when he went to Cass county. North Dakota. He entered claim to land
in Barnes county and spent six months there, and then went to Fargo,
and also operated a farm in the county. He and his son together have
two sections and a quarter of land, all of which is improved and
furnishes a good income.
Our subject was
married, in 1852, to Margaret Pitman, a native of Ohio. Mrs.
Chandler's parents, Anthony and Margaret Pitman, were natives of
Pennsylvania and Ohio, respectively, and they settled in Jay county,
Indiana, and died in that state. One son has been born to Mr. and
Mrs. Chandler, Arthur P., who is associated in the farm interests
with his father. Mr. Chandler is a member of the Ancient Order of
United Workmen. Politically, he is a Republican, and has stood
stanchly for the principles of that party throughout his life. He is
a man of true worth as a citizen, and enjoys well-merited success
and the highest esteem of his fellow
men.
HOMER M. CHAPMAN, deceased, brother
of Wilbur F. Chapman, was a prominent farmer of Ayr township for
many years and met with success in his vocation. He was born in
Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, March 9, 1841, and went to Wisconsin with
his parents. He enlisted, March 7, 1865, in Company A, Fifty-first
Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, and was in the Army of the Potomac in
Virginia. He served until the close of the war and was discharged
from the service August 22, 1865, with the rank of corporal.
Mr. Chapman went to
Dakota with his brother in 1879 and homesteaded on section 30 in Ayr
township, Cass county, where he resided until his death, which
occurred January 20, 1900. Our subject was married, December 7,
1882, at Watertown, Wisconsin, to Elizabeth Prentice. Mr. Chapman
was one of the organizers of the township and actively interested in
the general welfare of his community, but never sought or filled
public office, devoting his time to the operation of his farm and
met with remarkable success in his vocation. He was mourned by a
large circle of friends as a true citizen, worthy the esteem of his
fellow men.
WILBUR F.
CHAPMAN. This gentleman is the fortunate owner of one
of the fine estates of Ayr township, Cass county, and is well known
as a pioneer settler of that locality. He has devoted his attention
wholly to his farm work and has become well-to-do and also gained an
enviable station among his fellows.
Our subject was born in Youngstown, Ohio,
September 26, 1848, and was a son of Wells A. and Catherine (Mercer)
Chapman, who were natives of Ohio. His father was a stock dealer and
went to Wisconsin in 1849 and both parents died at Fox Lake, that
state. They were the parents of four sons and three daughters, our
subject being the only one now in North Dakota.
Mr. Chapman was reared in Wisconsin and
received his education there and remained in that state until 1879,
when he went to Cass county. North Dakota, with his brother. Homer
M. He homesteaded on section 30 in Ayr township, and he and his
brother were among the earliest settlers of that, locality. He has
resided there since that date and is now the owner of one
half-section of land, all of which is well improved and furnishes a
comfortable income.
Our subject was married, in 1881, in Wisconsin,
to Martha Davies, a native of Wisconsin. Mrs. Chapman's parents,
John H. and Mary J. (Perry) Davies, were natives of Wales and
Canada, respectively. Her father emigrated to America in 1843 and
died in Wisconsin. Two children have been born to Mr. and Mrs.
Chapman, as follows: Katherine J. and Jay W. Mr. Chapman assisted in
the organization of his township and was a member of the first
township board. He is a member of the Brotherhood of American Yoemen
and in Political sentiment is a Republican.
 JAMES ALBEE
CHESLEY, a pioneer business man of Fargo, successfully
engaged in the lumber trade, was born at Mancton, New Brunswick,
Canada, January 24, 1851, and is a son of Robert A. and H. Elizabeth
(Albee) Chesley, natives of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick,
respectively. . The father, who was a Methodist Episcopal minister,
spent his entire life in Canada, as did also the grandfather, Samuel
Chesley, who was a farmer of Nova Scotia. The great-grandfather,
Samuel Chesley, Sr., was born in New Hampshire and removed to Nova
Scotia in 1758.
Our subject was reared in Nova Scotia, and
after attending the common schools for some years became a student
in Mount Allison College. In 1869 he went to Minneapolis, Minnesota,
where for ten years he was employed as bookkeeper by the lumber firm
of Farnham & Lovejoy. Coming to Fargo, North Dakota, in 1879, he
opened a lumber yard of his own. Later Frank L. Lovejoy was
interested in the business for a few years, but since 1886 Mr.
Chesley has been alone in business. By fair and honorable dealing he
has built up an excellent trade, and is now the oldest retail lumber
dealer in the city. He is also president of the North Dakota Anchor
Fence Company, which was organized in 1897, and is interested in
farming to some extent. In business affairs he is energetic, prompt
and notably reliable, and commands the respect and confidence of all
with whom he comes in contact. Socially he is a Mason and
politically a Republican, but has never cared for the honors or
emoluments of public office.
In 1876 was celebrated, in Minneapolis,
Minnesota, the marriage of Mr. Chesley and Miss Emma F. Jones, a
native of Maine, and daughter of W. E. and Mary J. (Adams) Jones,
and to them have been born four children, namely: Mary E., Eva J.,
Julia A. and Samuel L., all
living.
HON. GEORGE S. CHURCHILL, a prominent
real-estate dealer of Casselton, is an early settler of Cass County
and is entitled to special mention as a citizen of true worth. He is
also interested in operating several sections of land in Cass
County, and has met with success in general farming.
He was born in Erie
County, Pennsylvania, April 23, 1863, and was a son of George
T.
and Sarah C. (Lawrence) Churchill, natives of Connecticut.
His father was a banker and general merchant and was vice-president
of the old Keystone National Bank, of Erie, Pennsylvania, and still
resides in that city. The great-great-grand-father of our subject,
Captain Charles Churchill, was a native of New England, Parish
Weathersfield, Connecticut, and was born December 31, 1723. He was
appointed captain of militia in 1762 by the general assembly of
Connecticut. He enlisted as captain in one of the militia companies
who turned out to repel the invasion of New Haven, July 5. 1779, and
he also enlisted as captain of the Sixth Militia, probably the same
regiment in which he first enlisted, and was appointed captain by
the general assembly. He was a son of Ensign Samuel Churchill of the
English navy. The great grandfather of our subject, Samuel
Churchill, was also a native of Connecticut. The grandfather of our
subject, Josiah Churchill, was a native of Connecticut, and was a
minister of the Presbyterian denomination and died in Pennsylvania.
The father of our subject is a prominent citizen of his community
and has served as a member of the city council and as County
commissioner.
He was one of a
family of three children, two sons and one daughter, all of whom are
now living. Mr. Churchill was reared and educated in Erie,
Pennsylvania, and in 1880 purchased land in Cass County, and the
following year went to Eric, Cass County, and followed farming there
until 1899, when he moved to Casselton and established his present
business. He followed general merchandising and real estate business
in Erie, Cass County, while a resident of that place and has been
successful in every enterprise in which he has engaged.
He now operates and owns three sections of land in Cass
County.
He was married in
1884 to Miss Lulu Knapp, a native of Wisconsin. Mrs. Churchill's
parents, Nathan and Angelina (Green) Knapp, were natives
respectively of Canada and Wisconsin. Her father served four years
in the Civil war with the Eleventh Iowa Volunteer Infantry, in
Company B. and participated in the battles
of Bull Run and Shiloh in 1862. He now resides in Washington.
Mrs.
Churchill is a great-great-granddaughter of Abraham
Lighthall. who served as a sergeant. corporal and captain in the
Revolutionary war. enlisting from Albany. New York, in the Fourth
Tryon Company Regiment of New York, in 1780. He was born in
Jefferson County, New York. He was appointed by General Washington
as captain of a company of three hundred friendly Indians, and was
captured by the Indians, escaped and returned to Washington, and
served as aide to General Washington during the remainder of
Washington's life. He was six feet, seven inches in height, and was
of powerful physique. Mr. and Mrs. Churchill are the parents of one
son. George E. Mr. Churchill served as a member
of the lower house in 1893, and was chairman of the insurance
committee, and a member of other important committees, including the
ways and means committee. He has been identified with the movements
of the Republican party throughout his career, and is stanch in his
political faith. He is intelligent and progressive and well merits
his success and high
standing.
ISAAC P. CLAPP. one of Fargo's
best-known citizens and successful business men, was born in
Dutchess County, New York, March 4, 1839, and is a son of Peter B.
and Sarah E. (Pells) Clapp, also natives of New York, in whose
family were only two children, one son and one daughter, both still
living. The father, who was an agriculturist, spent his entire life
in the Empire state, as did also the grandfather, Isaac Clapp.
Our subject was
reared in much the usual manner of farmer boys of his day, assisting
in the labors of the fields and attending the district schools near
his childhood home. He followed farming in New York until 1867, when
he removed to Norfolk, Virginia, and after residing there for some
time he went to central Texas, where he engaged in agricultural
pursuits for ten years. He next made his home in Kenosha, Wisconsin,
until 1880, when he came to Fargo, North Dakota, landing here on the
14th of October. He soon returned to Wisconsin, however, but the
following April located permanently in Fargo, where, as a member of
the firm of Clapp & McCrow, he was engaged in the banking
business until 1884, conducting the Cass County Bank, which was a
private institution. On closing the bank they turned their attention
to the real estate business, in which Mr. Clapp is still
successfully engaged, and to some extent he is also interested in
farming. He is a wide-awake, energetic business man of known
reliability and due success has not been denied him.
On the 7th of June.
1882, in Wisconsin, Mr. Clapp was united in marriage with
Miss Sarah Sleight, a native of Indiana, and they now have one son,
Edwin G., at home. Socially Mr. Clapp is a man of prominence in the
community where he has so long made his home, and is honored and
respected by all who know him. He belongs to the Masonic
fraternity.
WILLIAM J.
CLAPP, a prominent and successful attorney of Fargo,
North Dakota, was born in Wakefield, Massachusetts, November 28,
1857, a son of George L. and Harriet (Fuller) Clapp, both natives of
Vermont. The father, who was a farmer by occupation, spent most of
his life in Montgomery, Vermont, where his death occurred. The
paternal grandfather of our subject was Joshua Clapp and the
great-grandfather was Captain Joshua Clapp, who was the first
settler of Montgomery and a captain in the American army during the
Revolutionary war. Both were farmers, but the maternal grandfather
was a physician and surgeon. He served as town clerk, as did
also the grandfather Clapp for many years.
Our subject was reared and educated in Vermont,
graduating from the Montpelier Academy in 1880, and soon afterward
he began the study of law. On coming West, in 1882, he located in
Moorhead, Minnesota, and there he was admitted to the bar in
November, 1883. Removing to Tower City. North Dakota, he
successfully engaged in practice there until 1890. He was elected a
member of the constitutional convention in 1889 and in the fall of
that year was appointed County superintendent of schools for Cass
County. The following year he was appointed state superintendent of
public instruction and removed to Bismarck. In January, 1891, he
became a resident of Fargo, where he has since made his home. His
skill and ability in his chosen profession were soon widely
recognized and he was not long in building up a large practice,
which he still enjoys. In 1882 Mr. Clapp married Miss
Alice Stevens, a native of Vermont, and they have two children:
Fannie S. and Henry S. Mr. Clapp has been a life-long Republican and
an active worker for the party's interests. He is a pleasant and
affable gentleman, and a stranger in his presence soon feels
perfectly at ease. Constant study and close application to the
details of his profession have enabled him to reach an enviable
position in legal circles, and he today stands at the head of the
Cass County
bar.
SIDNEY B. CLARK, M . D. The medical
fraternity has many able representatives in Cass County, North
Dakota, and one who occupies a prominent position in this number is
Sidney B.
Clark. He has been engaged in the practice of his professor
in Buffalo, Clark County, comparatively few years, but has gained a
remunerative patron-age and the confidence of the people among whom
he labors. He is a skillful practitioner, intelligent and possessed
of untiring perseverance and energetic character.
He was horn in Fox
County, Wisconsin, July 10, 1870, and was a son of Silas and Susan
F.
(Cooper) Clark, natives respectively of New York and
Wisconsin. His father was a merchant and went to Wisconsin in an
early day and engaged there in merchandising many years. He enlisted
in 1861 in the Eighteenth Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, and served
with the regiment until the battle of Shiloh, where he was wounded
in the thigh, and was later discharged from the service on account
of disability. He re-enlisted about one year later, and was
commissioned captain, but had only gone as far as Milwaukee,
Wisconsin, when the war closed. He went to Fargo, North Dakota, in
1895, and founded the Clark Produce Company, of which he was the
head until his death, June 25. 1899. aged fifty-three years. He was
among the leading business men of Fargo, and was a member of the
Masonic fraternity and G. A. R. He has two brothers, Clifford and
Silas W., who now conduct the business of the Clark Produce Company
at Fargo.
He was reared and
educated in St. Paul, Minnesota, in the high
school and the State University, and began the study of medicine in
Chicago in 1891. and the following year entered the College of
Physicians & Surgeons of Chicago. He was graduated from that
institution in 1895. and then spent one year in hospital work in
Chicago.
He went to Buffalo. North Dakota, in the spring of 1896,
since which time he has conducted a general practice successfully.
He is a member of the North Dakota State Medical Society, and was a
member of the Cook County Medical Society, of Illinois. He is
assistant County physician for his district.
He was married, in
1897. to Miss Helen A. Young, a native of Vermont. Mr. Clark is a
member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen and Brotherhood of
American Yeomen. He is one of the rising young men of North Dakota
and is deservedly held in high esteem throughout Cass
County.
CHARLES S. COLLINS. The farming
interests of Cass county have had an able representative in the
person of Charles S. Collins for the past fifteen years. He is
proprietor of a fine farm near Hunter, in Hunter township, and has
devoted his career to agricultural pursuits in which he has been
remarkably successful, and from a beginning without means has
attained a high place among the substantial men of his calling.
Our subject was born
in New York, August 2, 1860, and was a son of Stowell and Laura
(Wilcox) Collins, both of whom were natives of New York. His father
carries on a blacksmith shop and resides in Duluth, Minnesota, where
he located in 1868. The grandfather of our subject, Stowell Collins,
was a merchant and died in Minnesota. Our subject has two brothers
and three sisters, one brother now residing in North Dakota.
Mr. Collins was
reared and educated in Minnesota, and in 1883 went to Cass county,
North Dakota, and superintended the farm where he now lives, and
later purchased a section and a half of land south of this place,
and has lived on his farm continuously since. He has met with
success and has a well developed farm.
Our subject was
married, in 1887, to Miss Rosa Russell, a native of Canada. Five
children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Collins, as follows: Stoel,
Lloyd, Rosa, Charles and Dallas, all of whom are living. Mr. Collins
is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. Politically, he
is independent. He takes an active interest in local affairs, and
has served as chairman of the town board for some years. He is a man
of energetic character and strict integrity, and his life and labors
in North Dakota have been crowned with well-merited
success.
THOMAS C. COMSTOCK, yardmaster for the
Northern Pacific Railroad Company at Fargo, North Dakota, and an
honored citizen of that place, was born in Fairfield county,
Connecticut, May 17, 1850, and is a son of Andrew K. and Emma
(Carter) Comstock, also natives of that state. The father, who was a
lumber dealer in the East, came to North Dakota in 1880 and settled
in Fargo. Later he engaged in farming in Cass county, and died there
in 1897. He had two sons, one of whom is now a resident of New York.
The paternal grandfather of our subject, Watts Comstock, was also a
native of Fairfield county, Connecticut, and was a farmer and banker
by occupation.
During his boyhood
and youth Thomas C. Comstock attended school and remained in
Connecticut until 1868, when he removed to Minnesota and for the
following year engaged in clerking in Minneapolis. Later he was in
business with his father in the East and there began his railroad
career as a civil engineer. Returning to Minneapolis in 1871, he
accepted a position on the civil engineering force of the
Minneapolis & St. Louis Railroad. The following winter he got
out ties for the Northern Pacific Railroad Company, and in 1872
commenced firing on that road. Later he was promoted to the position
of engineer, running a train between Fargo and Duluth, and in 1876
was made a conductor on the same line. Two years later he was
transferred to the Dakota division and ran trains between Fargo and
Bismarck until 1890, when he was made train yardmaster at the former
city. In 1893 he was transferred as trainmaster to Jamestown, and in
1896 returned to Fargo and was given his old position, which he
still fills in a most creditable and satisfactory manner. He is now
one of the oldest and most trusted employees of the road, and is
held in high regard by all who know him. His political support is
given the men and measures of the Republican party, but he takes no
active part in politics aside from voting.
In 1881 Mr. Comstock
married Miss Ellen Merrell. a native of Illinois, and they have
three children : Fannie, Arthur and
Merrill.
FRANCIS
COLWELL. Among the energetic and capable farmers of
Gardner township, Cass county, may be classified the gentleman above
named. He is proprietor of a fine estate in section 10 and has
acquired his possessions by careful management and industrious
habits.
Our subject was born
in Nova Scotia, February 19, 1834, and was reared in Huron county,
Ontario. He lived in Bruce county, Ontario, about thirty years,
where he was engaged in farming till he went to North Dakota, in the
spring of 1880. He purchased one hundred and sixty acres of land on
section 10, of Gardner township, where he has since made his home.
He has added to his possessions as circumstances would permit, and
is now the fortunate possessor of three hundred and twenty acres of
land. His farm is carefully and thoroughly tilled and made to
produce abundantly and the crops are of good quality. He has placed
modern improvements on the place and provided every comfort for the
family and all conveniences for carrying on the work and is among
the substantial men of his community.
Our subject was
married, in Bruce county, Ontario, June 27, 1854, to Miss Jane
Collins, who was born in county Lanrick, Ontario, September 15,
1834. Fourteen children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Colwell,
eight of whom are living and bear the following names: Mary A.,
Elizabeth, Maria, David H., Francis S., Anna L., Adella C. and
Samuel P. The following children are deceased: Deborah A., Sarah J.,
Catherine A., Lillie M., Edward C. and John B. Mr. Colwell and
family are members of the Free Methodist church. Mr. Colwell is
highly respected in his community and enjoys his well-merited
success.
 CHARLES J. CONLON. A prominent
position as a citizen and member of the farming community of
Clifton township, Cass
county, is held by the gentleman above named. He is one of the
pioneers of that locality, and his skill and thorough practical
knowledge of his calling have been potent factors in producing the
present solid prosperity of his community, and he is deservedly held
in high esteem by his associates.
Our subject was born
in Ontario, Canada, July 15,
1861. His parents, Patrick and Bridget (Golloglly) Conlon, were
natives of Ireland, and
emigrated to America when they
were children. The family resided in Canada until 1881,
and then removed to Cass county. North Dakota, where the
mother died in 1895. The father served in the Civil war with a
Michigan regiment, and died
in Michigan from exposure and
heart failure as a result of his service. Three sons and two
daughters constituted the family of children, and all now live in
North Dakota and are as follows; James, John J., Charles J., Mary
and Anna.
Mr. Conlon was
reared and educated in Canada, and
followed farming there until 1881, when he went to Cass county.
North
Dakota, with the family, and has
followed farming, railroading and carpenter work in the bridge
department of the railroad. He has a quarter-section of land and
placed good improvements thereon, and is one of the solid men of his
community.
Our subject was
married, in November, 1894, to Mary E. Carey, a native of
Ireland, who came to
America with her
parents, Patrick and Margaret (Mahoney) Carey, when she was a child,
and resided in Wisconsin . Mr. Conlon is a
member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen. He is a Republican in
political sentiment, but has never sought or filled public office,
devoting his attention to his farm and its improvement, in which he
has met with success and enjoys a good competence and the respect of
his fellow
men.
GEORGE R.
COOK, one of the most prominent men of Gardner. Cass county, is closely
identified with the financial interests of that locality, and has
won an honorable name as a citizen and able business man. He is one
of the directors of the Gardner Farmers' Elevator Company and is
also engaged in the drug business and meat business in that thriving
city, and is the owner of an extensive tract of land in Gardner and Wiser townships.
Our subject was born in Columbia county. Wisconsin, December 18,
1855, and was the fourth in a family of eight children, five sons
and three daughters born to Samuel and Mary {Williams) Cook, both
natives of Radnershire,
England. His parents now
reside in Wabasha county, Minnesota. Our subject removed to
Racine county, Wisconsin, with his parents when he was two years of
age and alter five years removed to Wabasha county, Minnesota, where
he grew to manhood and received a common-school education. He
remained there till the spring of 1880, when he went to Cass county,
North Dakota,
and settled in Wiser township, where he took land as a homestead in
section 8. He remained there fourteen years and then purchased the
town site of Gardner and
removed there, where he has since been a resident. He owns seven
hundred and twenty acres of land and is one of the substantial men
of his community. He has erected a fine residence in Gardner and is recognized as one of
the leading citizens of Cass county.
Our subject was married, in St. Paul, Minnesota, December 3,
1879, to Miss Evelyn C. Mitchell, a native of Maine, who was reared in
Wabasha county, Minnesota.
Mrs. Cook was born August 14, 1860, and was the youngest in a family
of seven children, two sons and five daughters, born to Joseph and
Lovina (Hazeltine) Mitchell. Her parents were born in Elaine and
died in Wabasha county, Minnesota. Six children have been
born to Mr. and Mrs. Cook, named as follows: John Claude, Iva Maude,
Erma Ann, Roy Gould, Alaidie Blanche and Glen Mitchell. Iva M. died
in Gardner, North Dakota,
aged thirteen years. Mr. Cook is interested in a large degree in the
improvement and development of the community in which he resides and
he has been a potent factor in the financial and social welfare of
that part of the county. He has held numerous local offices and is
always found on the side of right and justice. He is identified with
the Republican party, being postmaster at the present time, and has
been a member of the Cass county Republican central committee. He
holds membership in the Ancient Order of United
Workmen.
HON. HENRY D.
COURT, now residing in
Battle Creek, Michigan, was
for many years engaged extensively in farming in Cass county.
North Dakota.
He is a pioneer settler of Towner township, where he located in
1882, and remained a resident of that locality about thirteen years,
becoming one of the well-known and honored citizens of his community
and prominent in public affairs of the state.
Our subject was born in West Chester, Chester
county, Pennsylvania, March 20, 1825, and was a son of Henry and
Hannah (Archer) Court, both of whom were natives of Pennsylvania,
and passed their lives in that state. Our subject was reared and
educated in Pennsylvania, and from there moved to
:Michigan in
April, 1855, and settled near Battle
Creek, where he resided until 1882, and
engaged in farming. He then went to Cass county as general manager
for H. E. Sargent, ex-general manager of the Northern Pacific
Railroad. He opened up a farm of one section of land in 1882, and
added to the property by purchase from time to time until the
interests reached the extensive proportions of two thousand three
hundred and eighty-five acres of land in 1895, when Mr. Court resigned his
management, since which time he has lived retired in Battle Creek, Michigan. He took much interest in
fine stock, and brought the trotting horse, Pilot Middleton, to Cass
county.
Our subject was married in Pennsylvania to Rebecca E. Jones,
a native of that state. Seven children, five of whom are still
living, were born to Mr. and Mrs.
Court. One son, Frank E., is now manager
of the Cass county farm, assuming charge at the time of his father's
resignation in 1895. The farm produces from thirty-five to forty
thousand bushels of grain per annum, and they also raise a fine herd
of Shorthorn cattle. Our subject takes an active interest in public
affairs wherever he resides, and while living in North Dakota was
elected on the Republican ticket as a state representative, and
served as a member of the lower house in 1889-90, and gave much
attention to the interests and general welfare of his community. He
is a man of excellent executive ability and business tact, and has
made a success of his career, and well merits his high
standing.
HENRY H. CRITCHFIELD, M. D. This gentleman is
one of the widely-known physicians and surgeons of Cass county, and
has resided in Hunter and followed the practice of his profession
there for the past fifteen years. He is a skillful practitioner and
enjoys a growing and remunerative practice.
Our subject was born
in Holmes county, Ohio, May 20, 1861. His parents, Lyman R. and
Adalaide (Shaffer) Critchfield, were natives of Ohio, and his father
is now engaged in the practice of law at Wooster. Ohio. He was a
graduate of the Delaware College and the Cincinnati Law School, and
was attorney-general of Ohio from 1861 to 1861, and was probate
judge of Holmes county and judge of common pleas. The mother of our
subject was burned to death in 1895 by an accident resulting from a
gasoline stove. Our subject had one brother and six sisters. The
brother, Lyman R., is city attorney of Wooster, Ohio, and was a
soldier in the Eighth Ohio Volunteer Infantry during the
Spanish-American war. One sister resides in Hunter, North Dakota.
The grandfather of our subject, Rhuben T. Critchfield, was a native
of Ohio, and was a son of Nathaniel Critchfield, a native of
Virginia, and one of the first settlers of Ohio.
Our subject was
reared in Ohio and received his education there, attending Kenyon
College, of Gambier, Ohio. He began the study of medicine in 1881,
under Dr. S. P. Wise, at Millersburg, and in 1882 went to
Minneapolis, Minnesota, and entered the University of Minnesota in
the medical department and was graduated from that institution in
1885. He began the practice of his profession there and remained one
year, and in 1886 went to Hunter, Cass county. North Dakota, where
he has resided since and follows a general practice. He also owns
one section of land, and has been remarkably successful in every
business venture.
Our subject was
married, in 1884, to Lilly Ray, a native of Minnesota. Five sons
have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Critchfield, named as follows: Roy
L., Burke H., Ralph J., Harry M. and George N., the last two named
being twins. Mr. Critchfield was a member of the United States
pension board from 1892-96, and has been vice-president of the State
Medical Society, and has filled some local offices. He holds
membership in the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and Modern
Woodmen of America. Politically he is a
Democrat.
JOSEPH E.
CRONAN, who is well known throughout North Dakota, as
a man of sterling character and public spirit, is one of the sound
financial men of Fargo. He is one of the early settlers of the
state, and has aided in its advancement and labored earnestly for
its better interests. He has served the people in various important
official positions, and enjoys the confidence and esteem of all. At
present he is president and general manager of the Fargo Packing
& Cold Storage Company, and is also a director of the Merchants'
State Bank.
Mr. Cronan was born near Montreal, Quebec,
Canada. May 1, 1850. His parents, Timothy and Mary (Fitzgerald)
Cronan, were natives of Canada, and the paternal grandfather of our
subject, John Cronan, was born in county Cork, Ireland. He came to
Canada and remained there until his death. The family came to the
United States in 1864, and settled in Polk county, Iowa, where the
father engaged in farming. He later moved to Nebraska, where his
death occurred many years since, and the mother died in Minneapolis
in 1888. Four sons were born to them, three of whom are now
residents of Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Our subject was educated in Canada and Polk
county, Iowa, in the common schools, and in 1872 went to Morehead,
in company with the contractor on the Northern Pacific Railroad, and
after a short time was sent east, but returned to Dakota in 1878 and
settled at Fargo. He entered claim to land in 1879, in Walsh county,
and in the fall of that year engaged as foreman on a large wheat
farm in Cass county, and in the spring of 1880 proved his claim and
moved to his farm, where he resided until 1884. He then engaged in
wheat buyer at Grafton. North Dakota, and in 1800 was elected
sheriff of Walsh county. He was re-elected in 1892, but resigned the
office in January, 1894, to accept the appointment of United States
marshal for North Dakota. He served four years in that capacity, and
was an efficient officer. He changed his residence to Fargo, in
1894. since which time he has made his home there. He became
interested in the Fargo Packing & Cold Storage Company in 1896.
This company is a corporation of fifty thousand dollars capital, and
Mr. Cronan is meeting with success as president and general
manager.
Our subject was married, in 1890, to Margaret
M. Emerson, a native of Wisconsin. Four sons and two daughters have
been born to Mr. and Mrs. Cronan, as follows: John E., Albert J.,
Lewis W., Francis, Mary A. and Josephine. The family are
communicants of the Catholic church. Mr. Cronan is a member of the
Order of Elks, and is a man who is deservedly popular. Politically
he is a Democrat, which party he has always identified with, and
assisted in the organization of the same in Walsh county. He has
held minor offices as well as important commissions before
mentioned, and in every instance performed the duties faithfully and
well.
WILLIAM
CULLEN, who has devoted his mature years to the
pursuit of agriculture in Norman township, Cass county, is a man of
ability and sound judgment and has met with unbounded success in
this line. He has a fine estate and is one of the substantial
farmers of his community, and has acquired his property by
persistent efforts, and now enjoys the comforts of rural life and is
esteem of his fellowmen.
Our subject was born
in Ontario, Canada, November 12, 1857. and was a son of Robert and
Margaret (Linton) Cullen. His parents were natives of Scotland and
emigrated to America about 1835 and settled in Canada, where the
mother still resides. The father was a teamster and died in Canada.
They were the parents of eight sons and six daughters, of whom our
subject and one brother reside in North Dakota.
Mr. Cullen was
reared and educated in Canada and there learned the blacksmith's
trade, which he followed four years, and in 1881 went to Cass
county, North Dakota, and settled at Fargo, and later moved to
Davenport, where he followed his trade until 1889. He then began
farming in Norman township and has continued thus engaged since that
date and has met with remarkable success, and is now proprietor of a
well-improved property including three quarter-sections of land. His
residence is a fine brick structure, and he also has substantial
barns and other farm buildings on the place and enjoys a comfortable
competence from the well-cultivated fields.
Our subject was
married in North Dakota, in 1885, to Marie Augedahl, a native of
Norway. One child has been born to Mr. and Mrs. Cullen, upon whom
they have bestowed the name of Minnie C. Mr.
Cullen is a member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen. He is a
Republican in political faith and lends his influence for good local
government. He has assisted in the up building and development of
Norman township, and his success is well
merited.
FIRST SERGEANT HALSEY S.
CURRY. This gentleman is a leading farmer of Cass
county, wherein he was one of the pioneer settlers. He has developed
a fine farm and has a comfortable home and pleasant surroundings.
His residence is on section 4 of Rochester township.
Our subject was born
in Tompkins county. New
York. July 2j,. 1841, and was a son of
Edwin H. and Rachel (Updyke) Curry, who were natives of New
York and Pennsylvania, respectively.
His parents were farmers and removed to Kane county, Illinois, in 1842, and from
there to Grant county, Wisconsin, where the mother
died in 1882 and the father in 1896. The grandfather of our subject,
James Curry, was a Methodist Episcopal divine and engaged in the
ministry forty years, and passed away in the state of New
York. Our subject had three brothers
and two sisters, and his eldest brother was killed at Gainesville. Virginia, in 1862. He was a
member of Company I, Seventh Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry. He has
one brother now in Cass county. North Dakota.
Mr. Curry was reared
and educated in Illinois and Wisconsin, and July 8, 1861,
enlisted in Company I, Seventh Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, and
served four years and one month. He was with the Army of the Potomac
and participated in the following battles : Second Bull Run,
Fredericksburg,
Chancellorsville, Fitz Hugh Lee, Gettysburg,
Wilderness, Spottsylvania Court House, Laurel Hill, North Ann River, South Ann River and Cold
Harbor. He was wounded by a shot in the left hand
June 30, 1864, at Petersburg, and was discharged
at Detroit, Michigan, in July, 1865,
with the rank of first sergeant. At the close of the war ^Ir. Curry
located at Muskegon, Michigan, and remained there until the fall of
1880, when he went to North Dakota and located in Barnes county. He
resided there until 1889 and then removed to his present home in
Cass county. He raised the first crop in the portion of Barnes
county in which he located, and was a prominent early settler. He
now conducts the threshing business each season and has prospered in
this line of work and has made some valuable improvements in
implements and methods. He has a good farm with all necessary
buildings which are of a substantial nature.
Our subject was
married in Wisconsin, in 1864, to Miss
Synthia A. Tyler, a native of Iowa. Eight children have
been born to Mr. and Mrs. Curry, as follows: Ulysses E., Edna E.,
Myrta A., Halsey S., Edwin C, William W., Lincoln C. and Lydia G.,
all of whom are living. Mr. Curry has served as chairman of the
township board, and has held various school offices and is actively
interested in public affairs. Politically he is a Republican, and is
a member of the Masonic fraternity. He is prominent in
Grand Army Republic affairs, and is
senior vice-commander for North
Dakota.
JOHN
CUTHBERTSON, deceased. For nearly fifteen years prior to
his death this gentleman was associated with the farming interests
of Wheatland township, Cass county, and his demise was mourned by a
large circle of friends and acquaintances who had learned to regard
him with the highest esteem.
He was prosperous as
a farmer, and his good character and public spirit were beyond
reproach. The mother is still residing on the farm in section 9, and
the family is highly respected by all. Our subject was a native of
Kilmarnook, Scotland, and was born September 23, 1823. His parents,
John and Sarah (Alexander) Cuthbertson, were natives of Scotland,
and came to America in 1829, locating in New Brunswick, where they
lived and died, and the father was a carpenter.
Our subject was
reared and educated in Canada, and there learned the cooper's trade,
and continued to reside there until 1849, when he went to California
and engaged in mining there six years, meeting with little success.
He then returned to Canada, and remained there until 1881, when he
went to Cass county, North Dakota, and purchased land on section 9
in Wheatland township, and at once began the improvement of the
farm. He engaged in general farming and met with success in that
vocation.
Mr. Cuthbertson was
married in Canada, in 1860, to Elizabeth Murdock, a native of
Ayrshire, Scotland. Eleven children, seven of whom are living were
born to Mr. and Mrs. Cuthbertson, as follows: Mary, now Mrs. A.
Cameron; John, Kate, now Mrs. Bessett; William, Lizzie, Maggie and
Alexander. Mr. Cuthbertson died in 1895, leaving the family and a
large circle of friends to mourn their loss. He was a member of the
Presbyterian church, and held membership in the Independent Order of
Odd Fellows. He assisted in the organization of Wheatland township,
and was actively interested in public affairs. Politically he was
identified with the Democratic
party.
The information on Trails to the
Past © Copyright
may be used in personal family history research, with source
citation. The pages in entirety may not be duplicated for
publication in any fashion without the permission of the owner.
Commercial use of any material on this site is not permitted.
Please respect the wishes of those who have contributed their time
and efforts to make this free site possible.~Thank
you!
|
